Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters for evaluating water quality in contaminated water resources

Abstract

Freshwater resources are under increasing stress due to rapid industrialization, urban expansion, and intensified agricultural activities. The continuous discharge of untreated or partially treated industrial effluents, domestic sewage, and agricultural runoff has significantly altered the physicochemical characteristics of surface and groundwater systems.

This study focuses on the assessment of water quality by systematically analyzing key physical and chemical parameters that determine its suitability for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use. Parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, major ions, and selected heavy metals were evaluated using standard analytical methods. The influence of organic, inorganic, and biological contaminants on these parameters was critically examined to understand the extent of water quality deterioration. Variations in water quality were observed to be closely linked with anthropogenic activities and local environmental conditions.

The results highlight that elevated concentrations of dissolved solids, nutrients, and toxic metals not only degrade water quality but also pose serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring, effective pollution control strategies, and sustainable water management practices to preserve water resources. The findings provide valuable baseline data for policymakers and environmental agencies to design appropriate water treatment and conservation measures.

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