Fundamental Rights: Cornerstone of Indian Democracy

Abstract

Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India which are guaranteed to all citizens. They are applied without discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, etc. Significantly, fundamental rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain conditions. Fundamental Rights are the basic human rights guaranteed by Part III (Articles 12–35) of the Constitution of India. They protect individual liberty, equality, dignity, and justice against arbitrary state action. These rights are regarded as the cornerstone of Indian democracy because they ensure that the government functions within constitutional limits while safeguarding citizens' freedoms. Over the years, the judiciary has expanded the scope of these rights through progressive interpretation, making them dynamic and responsive to changing social needs. This paper examines the constitutional framework, democratic significance, judicial interpretation, and contemporary challenges relating to Fundamental Rights.

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